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The Real Reason Microsoft About-Faced on IE8 Standards Opt-In

Microsoft decided that due to their new interoperability initiative, they would reverse a previous decision to make IE8 default to the IE7 engine, instead of supporting standards-compliance by default.

No article or musing I have yet read has delved into what is increasingly likely, the reason for this sudden change in decision – and that is this: the mobile web is coming.

The iPhone & iPod Touch have caused an influx of mobile web browsing the likes even Google had not seen. Many smart phones have an Internet browser, only Apple’s has had the interface to make it desirable to use to non-geeks in a way that can be measured in server-log lines, and not in forum-posts by iPhone detractors.

Microsoft have a mobile-browser, how are they competing with this? They are not. Pocket IE is unusable compared to the development buzz surrounding mobile web-apps using Safari, which supports a full compliment of standards.

If Microsoft were to default to the IE7 rendering engine on their desktop browser, how would this affect the rapidly rising mobile browsing market? They would simply get left behind.

Their mobile browser would have to ship both IE7, and later engines to maintain compatibility with a web they were partly defining with their desktop client. Any new fancy features their mobile browser could offer to compete with Safari would be stymied by the fact that the majority of websites would be coded to the IE7 engine by unaware novice web developers and out of date web development packages; all the time while web developers explore new avenues of web apps using the full set of standards open to them on Apple’s handheld via iPhone-only websites.

Microsoft are having to face their own irrelevance in this market. They could either stick to the age-old excuse of backwards compatibility, and in doing so totally jeopardise progress with Windows Mobile in comparison to swifter competition in the form of Apple, and Google’s Android - or they could jettison the weight of 10 year old business intranets and ship a lighter, quicker, safer and more competitive browser to help them shape how people view the web from both the desktop, and the mobile.

Microsoft are dropping the hint that lagging enterprise customers need to upgrade to standards or be left in the lurch. Ageing web apps will break. That is a massive change in attitude to “Microsoft of old” a week ago. They would only do that unless the benefits absolutely, absolutely outweighed any short term loss. Businesses can experience the usual upgrade headaches by changing a few web apps that haven’t been touched in 10 years, they have no choice anyway - where the web matters is no longer the enterprise, it’s in the pockets of individuals.

Competition Is Not Good

I hear often that when something new appears that “competition is good”.
The primary reasons competition is seen as good, are:

Competition is not good—

Competition is why consumers have to choose between HD-DVD and BluRay.
Competition is why DRM exists.
And more.

In this article, each of the supposed benefits of competition will be looked at in more detail

It Drives Down Prices:

There are many cases where this is evidently true. Car manufacturers compete for better price points and deals. The cost of electronics is generally driven down.

However price != TCO.
The constant battle for lower prices has pushed quality and reliability to absolute lows.

Competition also prevents interoperability. This alone adds massively to the overall lag of the industry. Here’s a “what if” to demonstrate:

If, in coming up with a successor to the DVD, a format was collaboratively designed to be forwards & backwards compatible with most existing DVD players, yet offer high-definition on new equipment, then the new technology could be rolled out quickly and efficiently with almost zero fuss to consumers.

Instead, consumers are forced to buy new players, often new screens too, that are grossly overpriced and offer little benefit (It has been proven that screen size matters more than resolution, 720p is as good as 1080p with moving content at normal viewing distance, plus PCs have had “HD” screens for years, for a few hundred bucks, not 1000s). And that’s if the consumer even gets optimal output, what with the expensive cables needed, and getting the configuration right (I’ve seen HD screens running at SD simply because the consumer didn’t know how to change the right option on the OSD - and they still didn’t care, the picture looked good enough to them)

To view this “high-definition” content on a PC, you need to have approved equipment. If you do not have a DRM-enabled graphics card, cables, and screen then you have just paid more for a film, that looks exactly the same as a cheap DVD. As it stands, getting a fully approved media path on PCs is in such short availability at the moment that almost every perfectly capable PC currently in use by consumers will need to be heavily upgraded, or replaced entirely just to display more pixels, that the user’s old screen already had.

High definition content and DRM has increased the cost of access for consumers, when existing equipment and standards are all adequate.

DRM has cost billions to produce, and proved ineffective every single time, only inconveniencing consumers in the end. You know how in cinemas they have an anti-pirating ad that makes pirate copies out as having worse picture quality? A pirated HD H.264 video will remain crisp no matter what monitor it is played on. Try playing a BluRay on un-approved equipment and you’ll get reduced picture quality, if a picture at all. :)

It Gives Consumers More Choice:

Choice is good when there’s one agreed base standard, and a number of compatible approaches. For example, there are many Linux distributions, but they are all Linux, and they can all run the same software. They are ‘flavours’ of the same thing, that is a good choice. People like different flavours.

Choosing between HD-DVD and BluRay is not a matter of taste. They both do the same thing, they provide you with a choice you don’t need to make. You wish to watch a movie, since both provide the same thing with no variance in features (the movie content is the same on both), the consumer is therefore having to choose between two of the same flavours, except these are expensive flavours, and one might not be around as long as the other, and it’ll cost you more money to switch sides in the future.

Consumers just want things to work with a minimal amount of fuss. Having just once choice isn’t always better, but in saying that “competition is good because it gives more choice” the difference in types of choices made above is ignored. Competition does not produce easier choices for consumers, all they get is added un-interoperability and complexity with competitive choices.

It Pushes Technology Forward, Quicker:

This also raises T.C.O. People are upgrading and renewing computers faster than ever before. Rather than buying a machine and using it for 8 years, people are renewing every 3 years, often due to the lower build quality and cheaper parts end up breaking sooner.

This is adding to an acceleration of environmental damage. Computers are cheap enough now that in many cases people would rather buy a new one than fix the old one, even if the only problem is a simple virus infection unbeknownst to them.

Technology would still move forward even without competition. People like Sir Tim Berners-Lee would still push forward software & technology. Linux would still exist exactly as it is now. What’s more, without competition favouring half-baked standards and short-sighted designs, the difference industry-wide would be astronomical. Tell me, what would you prefer?:

I certainly know what I’d find more productive. Even though computers like the Amiga and RISC OS machines are now all but gone, you can’t help but marvel at how they excelled at what they did, compared to Windows at the time. Imagine an Amiga after 25 years of constant leading progress- a multimedia system right down to the hardware level. The IBM design we know now as standard (BIOS/IRQ) was a very poor decision for multimedia work. If it were Amiga instead of Microsoft, we could have been looking at computing hardware with 100× the graphical capability of existing technology. But that’s just hypothetical really. The point is that competition has not picked the best of each generation, it’s not picked the best interoperability nor given new competition equal footing when it’s turned up.

Competition is why in 2007 we have PCs that take longer to start up than 10 years ago. There are endless excuses for why this is; but at the end of the day they’re still excuses and not reasons. The reason is that competition has dulled engineering. An Amiga cold-booted in seconds, there was no shutdown - you just switched it off. Don’t think that because new computers/O.S.es do more that that is a reason to take three minutes to shut down. It’s an excuse, nothing more.

Competition Sets Up Non-Competition:

Competition by its definition is to beat the opponent.
When the opponent is beaten, there is no need to continue with any of the competitive actions, such as lowering prices or improving technology. Competition ultimately ends with stagnation and vendor lock in. The amount that stagnation and lock-in has set back computing progress cannot begin to be calculated. One clear example is the period 2001-2004 where IE6 held a near 100% monopoly on the browser market. During that period no major revision of IE occurred (other than a popup-blocker in SP2), Viruses, spyware and other malware exploded on the web. Even though tabbed browsing had been around for years, Microsoft had no need to add it, there was no competition. Microsoft had no monetary reason to benefit users any more.

We have Firefox and its grass-roots advertising campaign to thank for bringing some small amount of competition back to the web, but the damage has still been done. We’re almost five years behind where the web should be, and consumers will continue to be plagued by malware on an unprecedented level.

Competition Also Sets Up Anti-Competition:

In order to beat someone, sometimes you have to cheat and sometimes you have to prevent the consumer from using any of the competitors. One day people are going to wake up and realise that they don’t own anything, or that everything they thought they owned is suddenly taken away from them. DRM exists solely to prevent competition from others and is not in the best interests of the consumer. Without competition, such restrictions would not be needed, or even if they were, done in a way that actually benefited the consumer through industry-wide interoperability. A DRMed song would not be a problem to a consumer if it could be played on every single possible device produced with the only restriction that they were not allowed to give the song in full to another person, as that is clearly illegal.

Competition exists for one purpose only, to increase the bank balances of share holders. It has nothing to do with consumers. Modern business is based on contempt for customers - name me an example where that isn’t the case?

Has A.R. Finally Become a Reality?

“Augmented reality” is the overlapping of digital information and physical environment. Sci-Fi has often portrayed A.R. as interactive, floating, transparent computer screens projected into the air, or perhaps the most absolute example: standing inside an entirely computer generated world.

A.R. in the here and now however, has never taken off. Remember the Nintendo Power Glove, Virtual Boy, as well as numerous failed PC peripherals and software that attempted to provide you with a more physical interface to your computer?

The 2D human interface we currently use to operate our computers is sufficiently efficient. The past attempts at trying to sell a 3D interface to the PC failed because they never tried changing the mouse – an inherently 2D device. Walking down a hallway to find a file is not as fast as pointing and clicking on a file browser.

If the designers of these failed products were given the task of inventing a successor for the train, before cars existed; they would decide to take the train off the tracks so that you could go in any direction you wanted, but would not change a single aspect of the train itself. It would still be steam powered, and have the turning circle of a small planet.

In the attempts to create a new system to interact with PCs, these products failed to change the PC itself. Those who tried to replace the mouse failed because they couldn’t change the software: MS Windows, MS Office &c. are designed entirely around mouse input.


Disruptive innovations can only succeed once all over options have been expended. A third party peripheral manufacturer made a tilt sensitive Playstation controller (but with Dual Shock) in 1996. So why now is Sony saying that the SIXAXIS is such an important aspect of the PS3? The technology was available over 10 years ago.

In the previous (but still mostly current) generation of consoles (XBox/GameCube/PS2), all three major console manufacturers did to some extent fail to live up to “next gen” hype because in the end all they had to sell was better graphics. There was no significant switch in paradigm, unlike the Playstation, Saturn and N64, which all stepped from 2D games into 3D gaming. It is only now that every option has been expended that innovation can come through. To repeat the same mistake of offering only “better graphics” is to offer nothing new.

The Nintendo Wii represents one of the first successful “3D” interfaces with a computer. It is not simply a matter of X, Y & Z.; The Wii also understands acceleration, force, tilt and roll. What this gives us is a wide and natural range of gestures for input, something the mouse is unable to express.


The PC has not gone under any major transition, retaining the same mouse interface since XEORX Parc in the 70s. However, we have sat and dreamt about A.R. for years, and now that it’s in our laps, we have been so wrapped up in the dreams that we’ve not noticed what the arrival of this technology means for the much wider computer industry.

In order for computers to evolve to the next generation, they will need to dispatch of the mouse. Pen based and voice input can provide simpler, quicker access, usable by a wider range of people. Both of these interfaces have failed to catch on properly so far because they have still been tacked onto a mouse-designed system. The Nintendo Wii did not have to tack Wii controls on top of traditional controls:- Wireless controllers have existed for ages. Nintendo started from scratch with a fresh new interface designed only for the “Wiimote”. PCs will not evolve until they can do the same. Tablets don’t need “XP Tablet Edition”; they need “Tablet O.S.” before they will ever take off.

The Apple iPhone also represents a disruptive innovation in the market, bringing A.R. to user. You can interact with your data by touching it; it has made every handset since the invention of the mobile phone suddenly look positively stone-age.

As we’ve seen with the Wii and the iPhone, new operating systems need to be developed to make A.R. a reality. The PC industry will not move on if companies are not prepared to ditch the mouse fully. Within 10 years time, the 2D desktop will look as stone-age as using punch-cards. Companies who only make half-baked attempts at ditching the mouse will be eventually ditched by consumers.

Are We Being Served?

Web 2.0 throws a lot of buzzwords at us. New technology has given us new terms to describe a particular design process. One of these is ‘user-centric’ design.

An example of a website that isn’t user-centric would be microsoft.com. A static site where the users have no control over the content of the site, nor any choice in what they see. The company displays the information they deem important. This is considered web 1.0.

YouTube and Digg are examples of Web 2.0, user-centric sites whereby the users of the site contribute not only the content that the other users consume, but each user helps decide what content is promoted.

Today, I’m going to coin a new term: self-centric design. To define this new term, I will compare OSNews to one of the leading web 2.0 sites- Digg.

What’s New at Digg?

As a Digg user, you can submit a news article immediately, and see it automatically published. OSNews requires that your news is verified and chosen by an editor. There is no guarantee when your article may be published, or if at all.

Once your article is published, other Digg users may ‘digg’ it, to show that they approve of the article. Articles that get many ‘diggs’ within a short space of time will be promoted up the list to the front page. OSNews lets you recommend an article, but this has no effect on its position on the home page. The order that you see is according to the publish date by the editors.

Digg users comment on articles to express their opinion. Unlike a forum, each user can moderate other user’s comments, either ‘digging’ or ‘burying’ a comment. A comment that is sufficiently buried will be collapsed and hidden from view by default. OSNews also provides user moderation that works similarly, however limits are set on the maximum number of positive or negative moderations that are allowed (-5 to +5).

In these respects, many would consider Digg ahead of the curve, with its hip, web 2.0 user-centric design. However, Digg is the perfect example of self-centric design.

What’s Wrong With Digg?

A self-centric website is one in which the users all serve themselves. At the front of the chain, Digg’s submission process does not vet any articles for journalistic quality or relevance. Whilst the principle is that Digg users post articles they think others will like, the reality is different.

Since going mainstream with Digg v3, every day the Digg home page contains articles that are either ⅰ. a user’s own blog linking off to the actual article in order to get traffic / ad-revenue, ⅱ. some four year old meme a user only discovered today or ⅲ. an actual news item posted as hurriedly as possible to be the one to get all the diggs; or a different link to the same news item to try outdo the other article duplicates.

Digg includes a feature that lets you see only news from the categories of your choice; this way I can choose to only see the news that is relevant to me. The problem is that if I chose to see only Apple news, I see lots of crap Apple news; often badly presented or baseless. This is not user-centric design. The users are not looking out for one another, and are not interacting to improve the overall service.

The self-centric design of the site gears everything up to making users compete for superiority. Everybody who comments is just another nobody to agree or disagree with—to laud or to hate. There is no ‘community’ to speak of and almost no middle ground in Digg. Besides the core users who post the news, Digg is a platform for self proclamation, one way or another. Digg’s mentality can be summed up simply as “OMG first post!!”.

Does That Make OSNews Right?

By submitting a pre-written news article for vetting by the editors, you are putting your own journalistic abilities up for show. Isn’t this self serving? Not absolutely. There is no reward, nor fame for submitting news to OSNews other than some self-satisfaction. You are not in a speed competition with everybody else. Nobody would want to write something that resulted in a mass of other users laying into you personally. OSNews has proven over time that its users will submit news that only they may have been aware of (e.g. fringe news from small alternative O.S. projects) or written pieces that try to inform about subjects others would not have any experience of (e.g. RISC OS, etc.). Nothing is perfect, but these type of articles, given their slightly more narrow nature, benefit the whole community by informing and educating about subjects others would not normally encounter on a day to day basis.

OSNews falters by not giving its users enough means to control the future publication of articles. Users can complain in the comments about poor articles, but they do not feel any immediate or direct effect on the general flow of articles. This is a dangerous area however. The term “Digg” is ambiguous, it is different for everybody, and means that users are not making a single, combined, coherent statement about the quality and enjoyment of the article.

I do not feel that reshuffling the order of articles based on user votes would benefit a site like OSNews. Instead it would be beneficial if users could state in a straight-forward manner, their opinion specifically on the quality of journalism in the article (either in -5 to 5, or a set of categories), not just whether they agree with the article or not—so that over time the editors (and users submitting their own articles) would become aware of what the community as a whole likes and dislikes in so much as journalism (and not just popular subjects). Thus, the users would be working together to improve the quality of the articles published, without necessarily narrowing the subject range.

What Does This Mean for Digg?

OSNews is not the perfect example of user-centric design at work. This is not what I am trying to prove. OSNews could be labelled “web 1.0” as a method of drawing a line between recently deployed technologies such as AJAX and instant user contributed content, and previous standard methodologies. There is not, and never will be, a web 2.0. AJAX was implemented by Microsoft in 1999, and was available earlier than that in Outlook Web Access. Microsoft were doing gMail back when Google was still only doing search. All web 2.0 really means is not the new vs. the old - but instead the young vs. the experienced. Without experience, many web 2.0 startups are going to have difficulty dealing with the drawbacks of an initial self-centric design process, further down the line.

In the Future, the Past Won’t Be Present

History tends to leave behind mostly two kinds of information - the irrelevant and the biased. Archaeologists are either digging up people’s thrown away junk, or reading some emperor’s pompous account of his great deeds.

The archaeology of the future will involve carefully extracting random 1s and 0s off of media and theorising what it all could mean. In the reckless and fast moving digital world, many stumbling blocks have been created that would drastically inhibit future generations learning about our ancient digital existence.

CD-Rs and DVDs rot
Sony’s original claim that your CDs would be good forever was a little optimistic. CDs and DVDs, especially CD-Rs and DVD±Rs are susceptible to literal bit-rot. Some cheap CD-Rs don’t even last five years
Forgotten sockets
will also pose a problem. It’s not very easy to get hold of a board with an EISA slot as it is. Imagine how hard it is going to be to find a motherboard with PATA in 25 years. Connecting wireless devices that use a long dead proprietary protocol may be even harder
Online services no longer available

More and more, our digital lives are being stored on the Internet. Not everything about a person can be found on one machine. It would take masses of data collected from numerous sources to hope to build a profile on a unknown person. In the same vein, having our data scattered far and wide would increase the chances of at least something being found, rather than all your eggs in one basket.

More and more, operating systems are overstepping the mark with their role in computing. It has become common for the operating system to dictate how and where your software will work, or not work. Microsoft Windows will enter a reduced mode when it detects a change in hardware, and has to be reactivated. There is no guarantee that in the future, the servers needed to activate an old unsupported version of Windows will even be around anymore, let alone Microsoft themselves in their current form

Ties to hardware
Some operating systems such as Mac OS X or Amiga OS will not boot on anything but their original hardware. In the near future TPM modules may severely restrict the ability to access old and forgotten data without the original hardware. Advances in computing in the future may mean that all this can be emulated and hacked, but that is still based on the notion that some selfless hacker will do the work, because Microsoft, Sony or Apple certainly won’t.
The Law

Companies have been faster to establish themselves in the digital realm then the government, and the law. We have seen with shocking speed, large corporations move in and start laying down their own laws how they see fit. If you want their goods, (and you do) you have to agree to any terms they dream up, and there is not enough governing agencies or laws to protect you in the same way you have protection against unlawful advertising and practices on the TV and in stores.

What’s more, corporations are pushing the government to create laws that protect them and not you, against these practices. The DMCA means that in North America it is a crime to reverse engineer any protection schemes to provide interoperability. In the near future, there may be attempts to produce software or hardware to ensure that data that is falling out of accessibility (due to corporations discontinuing support for products and services), may be blocked by legal action; ensuring that only the parent company has the key to unlock your data, and only when it suits them

DRM
It goes without saying that as the speed of processing increases, cracking DRM will be easier, especially if quantum computing becomes a reality. That said, DRM still places a lock on our digital data, which is getting increasingly difficult to break, even to the point of being illegal (as above)
Magnetic media
Magnetic media fades over time. Though this is obviously stated, it is last in this list for a reason. Even if solid-state hard disks become common, the data on them is still subject to many of the problems listed above; namely DRM, and proprietary software / formats. The data could be around forever, but that still implies little to its accessibility. Many floppy disks and magnetic media from the 80s is beginning to fade away already

Data That Never Dies

Surely all of this highlights the need for open-source software like Linux? However, this is still based on the naïve assumption that just because the code is open, it will be around forever. People still need to host and store the code and provide access via the Internet, often underfunded. If you can’t get the code easily anymore, how open is it?

More so, Linux, and nearly all open-source software runs on proprietary processors and hardware. It can be recompiled to run on other arcs, provided that you have the source, the compiler, and the compiler is updated for the new arc (and the compiler is compiled and running on the new arc). In the far future, where so much has been changed, even old Linux source code and data could be so alien to new computers that is no longer usable. That is also based on the assumption that open source operating systems will even be possible in the future, given the barrage of attacks from the law, Trusted Computing and proprietary hardware that is protected by DMCA. Open-source software may very well be either the dominant type of software in the future, or nearly wiped out. Its future is not guaranteed at all just because it is open.

If you have something you want to say to the future, then you’re better off writing it on a piece of paper and putting it away safely. The way things are going, we will be lucky if any of our digital data is readable in 100 years, but your piece of paper could easily still be around.